Typhoid fever outbreak in Santa Marta (Magdalena-Colombia), October 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33610/28059611.153Keywords:
typhoid fever, public health surveillance, Salmonella infections, disease outbreaks, Salmonella TyphiAbstract
Introduction. The National Reference Laboratory of the National Institute of Health reported isolation of 22 positive cases for Salmonella enterica, serovar Typhi, Santa Marta (Colombia) during 2023.
Methodology. Descriptive study of outbreak, in which an active institutional search was conducted, including laboratories and active community search, to identify cases; epidemic curve and georeferencing to determine the distribution of cases in time and possible source of infection, review of medical records to determine frequencies by age groups, symptoms, clinical signs, laboratory findings and complications. Attack and lethality rates were calculated, and bivariate analysis was performed using Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval. Additionally, water samples were collected for microbiological study.
Results. Twenty-two cases of typhoid fever were laboratory-confirmed from the urban area of Santa Marta between epidemiological weeks 49 of 2022 and 22 of 2023. The mean age of the cases was 25.4 (standard deviation 14.5), with an overall attack rate of 0.004 % and a case fatality rate of 13.6 %; 36.4 % of the cases required management in the Intensive Care Unit due to associated complications. The most frequent symptom was fever (95.5 %), followed by abdominal pain. The main associated complication was sepsis (31.8 %). Microbiological analysis of drinking water indicated fecal coliform contamination as a presumed common source, although isolation of Salmonella Typhi strains was not achieved.
Conclusion. Typhoid fever outbreak was confirmed. The source of infection was considered common due to consumption of non-drinking water. The epidemic curve shows a progressive decrease in the number of cases, indicating that the outbreak is under control. It was recommended to improve the management processes for public health surveillance of such events.
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