Impact of COVID-19 on Indigenous Peoples of Colombia During 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33610/28059611.143Keywords:
Coronavirus infections, Indigenous Peoples, Mortality, COVID-19, ColombiaAbstract
Introduction: In Colombia, 1,905,617 people belong to 115 indigenous peoples. This population, representing 4.4% of the national total, is in a particularly vulnerable situation regarding communicable diseases, a situation that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study describes the behavior of COVID-19 in the indigenous population and the factors associated with fatal outcomes.
Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Public Health Surveillance System (Sivigila) 2020. Univariate and bivariate analyses, and logistic regression with Odds Ratio (95% CI, p < 0.05) were conducted for factors associated with mortality.
Results: The COVID-19 incidence was 1,651.7 cases per 100,000 indigenous people, with a mortality rate of 54.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and a fatality rate of 3.3%. Of the 31,476 confirmed cases, 51.0% were men. 58.1% presented symptoms, and 11.0% had medical histories. The highest participation of cases was in the Zenú (4,369) and Pijao (2,151) peoples. The Pasto people had the highest average time between symptom onset and consultation (four days) and the Embera people between consultation and death (23 days). An association was found between COVID-19 mortality and male gender (OR=1.7, p=0.00), disability (OR=2.3, p=0.03), cough (OR=2.3, p=0.00), fever (OR= 1.9, p=0.00), difficulty breathing (OR=4.2, p=0.00), COPD (OR=6.6, p=0.00), diabetes (OR=3.1, p=0.00), cancer (OR: 6.7, p=0.00), obesity (OR: 2.3, p=0.00), kidney failure (OR: 3.1, p=0.00), smoking (OR: 1.5, p=0.04), and hypertension (OR: 2.0, p=0.00).
Conclusion: There is a need to continue improving access to medical care, including strengthening prevention programs and fostering communication with a differential approach that integrates traditional and Western medicine.
References
ONU. Organización de Naciones Unidas. Departamento de asuntos económicos y sociales pueblos indígenas. [Internet]; 2021 [consultado 20 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples-es/historia.html
National Geographic. ¿Cuántos pueblos indígenas hay en América Latina? [Internet]; 2018 [consultado 20 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.ngenespanol.com/traveler/cuantos-pueblos-indigenas-hay-en-america-latina/
Minsalud. Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud 2015 [Internet]. ; 2016 [cited 2024 May 20]. Available from: https://profamilia.org.co/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ENDS-2015-TOMO-II.pdf
DANE. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Resultados del censo nacional de población y vivienda 2018. Información de los grupos étnicos en Colombia. [Internet]; 2018 [consultado 20 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografia-y-poblacion/grupos-etnicos
ONIC. Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia. Pueblos. [Internet]; 2018 [consultado 20 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.onic.org.co/pueblos
Guerra Francisco. Origen de las epidemias en la conquista de América. Quinto centenario, ISSN 0211-6111, Nº 14, 1988, págs. 43-52
Yvette Sierra Praeli. https://es.mongabay.com/2020/03/pueblos-indigenas-coronavirus-america-latina/
Cordero del Campillo. 2001. Las grandes epidemias en la america colonial. Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de León. de Vegazana. 240071 León. España
Senti-pensarnos tierra: Epistemicidio y genocidio en tiempos de COVID-19: numero 1, Octubre 2020 / Patricia Gualinga... [et al.] ; coordinacion general de Felipe Milanez Pereira ; Mina Lorena Navarro Trujillo ; Denisse RocaServat; editado por Felipe Milanez Pereira ; Melissa Moreano ; Raquel Neyra.- 1a ed.- Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires : CLACSO, 2020.
Ruben Muñoz, Renata Cortez, Impacto social y epidemiologico del COVID-19 en los pueblos indígenas de Mexico. https://debatesindigenas.org/notas/54-impacto-social-covid-19.html
Ricardo Ventura Santos 1,2 Ana Lucia Pontes 1 Carlos E. A. Coimbra Jr. Un “hecho social total”: COVID-19 y pueblos indígenas en Brasil
Banco mundial. Latinoamérica indígena en el siglo XXI. 2021 https://www.bancomundial.org/es/region/lac/brief/indigenous-latin-america-in-the-twenty-first-century-brief-report-page
CEPAL. El impacto del COVID-19 en los pueblos indígenas de America Latina – Abya Yala. Ente la invisibilizacion y la resistencia colectiva. https://www.cepal.org/sites/default/files/publication/files/46543/S2000817_es.pdf
OPS. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Organización Mundial de la Salud oficina regional para las Américas. Actualización Epidemiológica enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), 15 de enero de 2021. Organización Panamericana de la Salud • www.paho.org• © OPS/OMS, 2021
Ministerio de Salud Perú. Viceministerio de Salud Pública, Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Prevención y control de enfermedades. Sala de población indígena con COVID-19. https://www.dge.gob.pe/portalnuevo/informacionpublica/sala-de-poblacion-indigena-con-covid-19/
The Impact of COVID-19 on Indigenous Peoples POLICY BRIEF NO70
Iglesias-Osores S, Saavedra-Camacho J. COVID-19 en comunidades indígenas del Perú: casos y accesibilidad a servicios de salud. An Fac med. 2020;81(2):250-1: https://doi.org/10.15381/anales.v81i2.18057
COVID-19 MÉXICO: Panorama en población que se reconoce como indígena. https://coronavirus.gob.mx/wpcontent/uploads/2021/05/A_COVID_19_29_abril_2021_PoblacionIndigena.pdf
COVID-19 Mortality Among American Indian and Alaska Native Persons — 14 States, January–June 2020, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6949a3.htm
Medical Basis for Increased Susceptibility of COVID-19 among the Navajo and other Indigenous Tribes, https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202004.0217/v1
The challenges facing indigenous communities in Latin America as they confront the COVID-19 pandemic, https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12939-020-01178-4.pdf
Ministerio de salud y protección social. Perfil de salud de la población indígena, y medición de desigualdades en salud. Colombia 2016
How to Cite
Downloads
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Reporte Epidemiológico Nacional
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
